HOW HALAL PRODUCTS ARE REGULATED UNDER WTO LAW
Аннотация
The regulation of halal products and services, including their labelling, is a complex and important issue that has gained significant attention in recent years. The Halal industry encompasses various niche markets like Islamic tourism, finance, lifestyle, and the Halal food market. Halal products are those that meet the dietary requirements of Muslims, as defined by Islamic law (Sharia Law[1]). A Halal logo is one way to assure consumers that a product is Halal. A certifying body generally issues the logo/label, and it can only be used/placed on a product that has been certified Halal and met the requirements stipulated in Sharia law. The primary source of law for Muslims is the Al-Quran (the Holy book[2]) and Al-Hadith[3], all halal standards are developed based on these sources.
[1] Shariah translated from Arabic means ‘legislation’ - and provides the moral code and religious law for Muslims.
[2] Translation from Arabic means ‘recitation’ - and is the literal word of God recited to the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him “pbuh”) (pbuh) in Arabic by the Angel Gabriel
[3] Translation from Arabic means “traditions” - and is a written record of Mohammed's (pbuh) life and thoughts.
Библиографические ссылки
Brian J and Mehtab S, “The Future of the Global Muslim Population Projections for 2010-2030” Pew Research center, < https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ > Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Conrad Hackett and others, ‘The Changing Global Religious Landscape’, Pew Research Center, The Changing Global Religious Landscape (2017) 46 <https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious- landscape/> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Eva Johan and Hanna Schebesta, “Religious Regulation Meets International Trade Law: Halal Measures, a Trade Obstacle? Evidence from the SPS and TBT Committees” Journal of International Economic Law 2022.
GSO 2055-1:2015, <https://www.gso.org.sa/store/standards/GSO:693304/file/1263/preview>
Hussein Elasrag, “Halal Industry : Key Challenges and Opportunities” <https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69631/1/MPRA_paper_69631.pdf> Accessed 12 November, 2023.
Joshua Meltzer, “State Sovereignty and the Legitimacy of the WTO” (2005) U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L 26(4) <https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1221&context=jil> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Kadek Sarna and others, “After the Trade Dispute: Is Indonesian Food Sovereignty Threatened?”(2020) Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4(2) < https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/UJLC/article/view/57361> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Kadek Sarna and others, “After the Trade Dispute: Is Indonesian Food Sovereignty Threatened?”(2020) Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4(2) < https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/UJLC/article/view/57361> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan On technical regulation 2022, No. ZRU-819
Mian N Riaz and Muhammad M Chaudry, Handbook of Halal Food Production (CRC Press 2018).
Michelle Limenta and others, “Disabling Labelling in Indonesia: Invoking WTO Laws in the Wake of Halal Policy Objectives” World Trade review, Cambridge University Press 2017 <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-trade-review/article/d isabling-labelling-in-indonesia-invoking-wto-laws-in-the-wake-of-halal-policy-objectives/AC92A276E83E05E3098B40E3AD5A5CE9 > Accessed 12 November, 2023.
MS 1500:2019, < https://www.isovnc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MS-1500_2019-Tieu-chuan-HALAL-MALAYSIA.pdf> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Nor Bakhriah Sarbani and Harlina Suzana Jaafar, “Facilitation for Halal Product Supply Chain: A Conceptual Trade Review” Journal of Applied environmental and biological sciences, Text Road publication, 2016 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Harlina-Jaafar/publication/354632407_Facilitation_for_Halal_Product_Supply_Chain_A_Conceptual_Trade_Review/links/614359eebbd37262ca0df864/Facilitation-for-Halal-Product-Supply-Chain-A-Conceptual-Trade-Review.pdf Accessed 12 November, 2023.
OIC/SMIIC 1:2019, < https://www.smiic.org/en/project/24> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (2015), ‘Forum on Unifying Halal Standards and Procedures Kicks Off at OIC General Secretariat’, http://www.oic-oci.org//topic/?t_id=10714&t_ref=4218&lan=en.
Pew research Center, “Table: Muslim Population by Country” Accessed 15 November 2023.
Riaz, M.N. and Chaudry, M.M., Halal food production (CRC Press LLC 2007) < http://www.al-rida.net/attachments/040_halal.pdf > Accessed 12 November, 2023.
Shariah translated from Arabic means ‘legislation’ - and provides the moral code and religious law for Muslims.
SMIIC,’ Uzbek Agency for Technical Regulation (UZSTANDARD)’ <https://www.smiic.org/en/member/45>
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, <https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/ac/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=123&filename=parsystem2>
Translation from Arabic means ‘recitation’ - and is the literal word of God recited to the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him “pbuh”) (pbuh) in Arabic by the Angel Gabriel
Translation from Arabic means “traditions” - and is a written record of Mohammed's (pbuh) life and thoughts.
UZSTANDARD, ‘HALAL certification in Uzbekistan for unhindered access to the Malaysian market’ (2018)
Vincent H Smith and Joseph W Glauber, “Trade, Policy, and Food Security” (2019) 51 Agricultural Economics 159 <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/agec.12547> Accessed 12 November, 2023.
WTO, < https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/indonesia_e.htm > Accessed 14 November, 2023.
Zoura Junita, “The Implementation Of Halal Food Labeling Based On The Technical Barriers To Trade (Tbt) Agreement By Indonesia” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2018, <https://jim.unsyiah.ac.id/kenegaraan/article/view/13574> Accessed 14 November, 2023.
