INSULIN THERAPY FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS
Keywords:
Keywords: Cardiovascular outcomes; Hypoglycemia; Iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia; Insulin safety; Type 2 diabetes.Abstract
Abstract. Insulin therapy increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in several recently reported clinical outcomes trials. To assess whether this association is causative or coincidental, PubMed searches were used to query the effects of insulin therapy for T2D on CV health and longevity from large-scale outcomes trials, meta-analyses, and patient registry studies, as well as basic research on insulin's direct and pleiotropic actions. Although several old studies provided conflicting results, the majority of large observational studies show strong dose-dependent associations for injected insulin with increased CV risk and worsened mortality. Insulin clearly causes weight gain, recurrent hypoglycemia, and, other potential adverse effects, including iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia.
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