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Published
2023-12-30
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Articles
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TYPES OF ROOT AND AFFIXAL MORPHEMES
Iskandarov Hayotbek
Abdurakhmanova Zilola
Keywords: Key words:affixes,principal meaning,stem to create,new word, modify the meaning of the existing word, prefixes, suffixes, infixes,circumfixes.
Abstract
Annotation A root morpheme, or simply a root, is the core form of a word to
which affixes can be added. It's the foundational element that carries the principal
meaning of a word. Roots are often morphemes that can stand alone as words in their
own right.
Affixal morphemes, also known as affixes, are morphemes attached to a root or
stem to create a new word or modify the meaning of the existing word. They can be
prefixes, suffixes, infixes, or circumfixes.
References
Free Roots: Free roots can stand alone as complete words without any
additional morphemes. For example, the root "write" in the word "write" is a free root.
Bound Roots: Bound roots cannot function as independent words and must be
combined with other morphemes to form words. An example of a bound root is "struct"
in the word "construct," which needs the prefix "con-" to form a complete word.
Affixal Morphemes:
Prefixes: Prefixes are morphemes that are added to the beginning of a word to
change its meaning or create a new word. For example, the prefix "re-" in the word
"rewrite" changes the meaning of the root "write" to "write again."
Suffixes: Suffixes are morphemes that are added to the end of a word to change
its meaning or function. For instance, the suffix "-er" in the word "teacher" changes the
verb "teach" to a noun indicating a person who teaches.
Infixes: Infixes are morphemes that are inserted within a word to change its
meaning. While infixes are rare in English, they are more common in other languages.
An example is the Tagalog word "laba" to "nilalaba" where "ni" is inserted to indicate
an ongoing action.
Circumfixes: Circumfixes are pairs of morphemes attached to a root, with one
part preceding the root and the other following it to create a word. For example, in
German, the verb "trinken" (to drink) when transformed for past tense becomes
"getrinkt" with the prefix "ge-" and suffix "-t" completing the transformation.
Understanding root and affixal morphemes is essential for understanding the
structure of words and forming new words in a language. It also aids in understanding
the etymology and historical development of words.
In conclusion, root morphemes are the basic building blocks of words, carrying
essential meanings and forming the core of vocabulary. They can be free or bound, and
they provide the foundation for word formation and analysis.
On the other hand, affixal morphemes are added to root morphemes to modify
their meaning, create new words, or change their grammatical function. These include
prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes, each of which plays a crucial role in
expanding and modifying the vocabulary of a language.
Understanding the different types of root and affixal morphemes is essential for
linguistic analysis, vocabulary expansion, and language learning. It provides insight
into the structure and meaning of words, facilitating effective communication and
comprehension.
